Ulangan 1:27

1:27 You complained among yourselves privately ¹  and said, “Because the Lord hates us he brought us from Egypt to deliver us over to the Amorites so they could destroy us!

Ulangan 1:44

1:44 The Amorite inhabitants of that area ²  confronted ³  you and chased you like a swarm of bees, striking you down from Seir as far as Hormah. ⁴ 

Ulangan 2:12

2:12 Previously the Horites ⁵  lived in Seir but the descendants of Esau dispossessed and destroyed them and settled in their place, just as Israel did to the land it came to possess, the land the Lord gave them.) ⁶ 

Ulangan 2:14-16

2:14 Now the length of time it took for us to go from Kadesh Barnea to the crossing of Wadi Zered was thirty-eight years, time for all the military men of that generation to die, just as the Lord had vowed to them. 2:15 Indeed, it was the very hand of the Lord that eliminated them from within ⁷  the camp until they were all gone.

Instructions Concerning Ammon

2:16 So it was that after all the military men had been eliminated from the community, ⁸ 

Ulangan 2:21-23

2:21 They are a people as powerful, numerous, and tall as the Anakites. But the Lord destroyed the Rephaites ⁹  in advance of the Ammonites, ¹⁰  so they dispossessed them and settled down in their place. 2:22 This is exactly what he did for the descendants of Esau who lived in Seir when he destroyed the Horites before them so that they could dispossess them and settle in their area to this very day. 2:23 As for the Avvites ¹¹  who lived in settlements as far west as Gaza, Caphtorites ¹²  who came from Crete ¹³  destroyed them and settled down in their place.)

Ulangan 2:30

2:30 But King Sihon of Heshbon was unwilling to allow us to pass near him because the Lord our ¹⁴  God had made him obstinate ¹⁵  and stubborn ¹⁶  so that he might deliver him over to you ¹⁷  this very day.

Ulangan 2:34

2:34 At that time we seized all his cities and put every one of them ¹⁸  under divine judgment, ¹⁹  including even the women and children; we left no survivors.

Ulangan 3:6

3:6 We put all of these under divine judgment ²⁰  just as we had done to King Sihon of Heshbon – every occupied city, ²¹  including women and children.

Ulangan 4:3

4:3 You have witnessed what the Lord did at Baal Peor, ²²  how he ²³  eradicated from your midst everyone who followed Baal Peor. ²⁴ 

Ulangan 4:16

4:16 I say this ²⁵  so you will not corrupt yourselves by making an image in the form of any kind of figure. This includes the likeness of a human male or female,

Ulangan 4:24-26

4:24 For the Lord your God is a consuming fire; he is a jealous God. ²⁶ 

Threat and Blessing following Covenant Disobedience

4:25 After you have produced children and grandchildren and have been in the land a long time, ²⁷  if you become corrupt and make an image of any kind ²⁸  and do other evil things before the Lord your God that enrage him, ²⁹  4:26 I invoke heaven and earth as witnesses against you ³⁰  today that you will surely and swiftly be removed ³¹  from the very land you are about to cross the Jordan to possess. You will not last long there because you will surely be ³²  annihilated.

Ulangan 4:31

4:31 (for he ³³  is a merciful God), he will not let you down ³⁴  or destroy you, for he cannot ³⁵  forget the covenant with your ancestors that he confirmed by oath to them.

Ulangan 4:44

The Setting and Introduction of the Covenant

4:44 This is the law that Moses set before the Israelites. ³⁶ 

Ulangan 5:25

5:25 But now, why should we die, because this intense fire will consume us! If we keep hearing the voice of the Lord our God we will die!

Ulangan 6:15

6:15 for the Lord your God, who is present among you, is a jealous God and his anger will erupt against you and remove you from the land. ³⁷ 

Ulangan 7:1-2

The Dispossession of Nonvassals

7:1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you – Hittites, ³⁸  Girgashites, ³⁹  Amorites, ⁴⁰  Canaanites, ⁴¹  Perizzites, ⁴²  Hivites, ⁴³  and Jebusites, ⁴⁴  seven ⁴⁵  nations more numerous and powerful than you – 7:2 and he ⁴⁶  delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate ⁴⁷  them. Make no treaty ⁴⁸  with them and show them no mercy!

Ulangan 7:4

7:4 for they will turn your sons away from me to worship other gods. Then the anger of the Lord will erupt against you and he will quickly destroy you.

Ulangan 7:10

7:10 but who pays back those who hate ⁴⁹  him as they deserve and destroys them. He will not ignore ⁵⁰  those who hate him but will repay them as they deserve!

Ulangan 7:16

Exhortation to Destroy Canaanite Paganism

7:16 You must destroy ⁵¹  all the people whom the Lord your God is about to deliver over to you; you must not pity them or worship ⁵²  their gods, for that will be a snare to you.

Ulangan 7:20

7:20 Furthermore, the Lord your God will release hornets ⁵³  among them until the very last ones who hide from you ⁵⁴  perish.

Ulangan 7:22-24

7:22 He, ⁵⁵  the God who leads you, will expel the nations little by little. You will not be allowed to destroy them all at once lest the wild animals overrun you. 7:23 The Lord your God will give them over to you; he will throw them into a great panic ⁵⁶  until they are destroyed. 7:24 He will hand over their kings to you and you will erase their very names from memory. ⁵⁷  Nobody will be able to resist you until you destroy them.

Ulangan 7:26

7:26 You must not bring any abhorrent thing into your house and thereby become an object of divine wrath ⁵⁸  along with it. ⁵⁹  You must absolutely detest ⁶⁰  and abhor it, ⁶¹  for it is an object of divine wrath.

Ulangan 8:19-20

8:19 Now if you forget the Lord your God at all ⁶²  and follow other gods, worshiping and prostrating yourselves before them, I testify to you today that you will surely be annihilated. 8:20 Just like the nations the Lord is about to destroy from your sight, so he will do to you ⁶³  because you would not obey him. ⁶⁴ 

Ulangan 9:3

9:3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he ⁶⁵  has told you.

Ulangan 9:8

9:8 At Horeb you provoked him and he was angry enough with you to destroy you.

Ulangan 9:13-14

9:13 Moreover, he said to me, “I have taken note of these people; they are a stubborn ⁶⁶  lot! 9:14 Stand aside ⁶⁷  and I will destroy them, obliterating their very name from memory, ⁶⁸  and I will make you into a stronger and more numerous nation than they are.”

Ulangan 9:19-20

9:19 For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger ⁶⁹  that threatened to destroy you. But he ⁷⁰  listened to me this time as well. 9:20 The Lord was also angry enough at Aaron to kill him, but at that time I prayed for him ⁷¹  too.

Ulangan 9:25-26

Moses’ Plea on Behalf of the Lord’s Reputation

9:25 I lay flat on the ground before the Lord for forty days and nights, ⁷²  for he ⁷³  had said he would destroy you. 9:26 I prayed to him: ⁷⁴  O, Lord God, ⁷⁵  do not destroy your people, your valued property ⁷⁶  that you have powerfully redeemed, ⁷⁷  whom you brought out of Egypt by your strength. ⁷⁸ 

Ulangan 9:28

9:28 Otherwise the people of the land ⁷⁹  from which you brought us will say, “The Lord was unable to bring them to the land he promised them, and because of his hatred for them he has brought them out to kill them in the desert.” ⁸⁰ 

Ulangan 10:10

10:10 As for me, I stayed at the mountain as I did the first time, forty days and nights. The Lord listened to me that time as well and decided not to destroy you.

Ulangan 11:4

11:4 or what he did to the army of Egypt, including their horses and chariots, when he made the waters of the Red Sea ⁸¹  overwhelm them while they were pursuing you and he ⁸²  annihilated them. ⁸³ 

Ulangan 11:17

11:17 Then the anger of the Lord will erupt ⁸⁴  against you and he will close up the sky ⁸⁵  so that it does not rain. The land will not yield its produce, and you will soon be removed ⁸⁶  from the good land that the Lord ⁸⁷  is about to give you.

Ulangan 12:2

12:2 You must by all means destroy ⁸⁸  all the places where the nations you are about to dispossess worship their gods – on the high mountains and hills and under every leafy tree. ⁸⁹ 

Ulangan 12:29-30

The Abomination of Pagan Gods

12:29 When the Lord your God eliminates the nations from the place where you are headed and you dispossess them, you will settle down in their land. ⁹⁰  12:30 After they have been destroyed from your presence, be careful not to be ensnared like they are; do not pursue their gods and say, “How do these nations serve their gods? I will do the same.”

Ulangan 13:15

13:15 you must by all means ⁹¹  slaughter the inhabitants of that city with the sword; annihilate ⁹²  with the sword everyone in it, as well as the livestock.

Ulangan 13:17

13:17 You must not take for yourself anything that has been placed under judgment. ⁹³  Then the Lord will relent from his intense anger, show you compassion, have mercy on you, and multiply you as he promised your ancestors.

Ulangan 19:1

Laws Concerning Manslaughter

19:1 When the Lord your God destroys the nations whose land he ⁹⁴  is about to give you and you dispossess them and settle in their cities and houses,

Ulangan 20:17

20:17 Instead you must utterly annihilate them ⁹⁵  – the Hittites, ⁹⁶  Amorites, ⁹⁷  Canaanites, ⁹⁸  Perizzites, ⁹⁹  Hivites, ¹⁰⁰  and Jebusites ¹⁰¹  – just as the Lord your God has commanded you,

Ulangan 20:19-20

20:19 If you besiege a city for a long time while attempting to capture it, ¹⁰²  you must not chop down its trees, ¹⁰³  for you may eat fruit ¹⁰⁴  from them and should not cut them down. A tree in the field is not human that you should besiege it! ¹⁰⁵  20:20 However, you may chop down any tree you know is not suitable for food, ¹⁰⁶  and you may use it to build siege works ¹⁰⁷  against the city that is making war with you until that city falls.

Ulangan 25:18

25:18 how they met you along the way and cut off all your stragglers in the rear of the march when you were exhausted and tired; they were unafraid of God. ¹⁰⁸ 

Ulangan 26:5

26:5 Then you must affirm before the Lord your God, “A wandering ¹⁰⁹  Aramean ¹¹⁰  was my ancestor, ¹¹¹  and he went down to Egypt and lived there as a foreigner with a household few in number, ¹¹²  but there he became a great, powerful, and numerous people.

Ulangan 28:20

Curses by Disease and Drought

28:20 “The Lord will send on you a curse, confusing you and opposing you ¹¹³  in everything you undertake ¹¹⁴  until you are destroyed and quickly perish because of the evil of your deeds, in that you have forsaken me. ¹¹⁵ 

Ulangan 28:22

28:22 He ¹¹⁶  will afflict you with weakness, ¹¹⁷  fever, inflammation, infection, ¹¹⁸  sword, ¹¹⁹  blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish.

Ulangan 28:24

28:24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed.

Ulangan 28:42

28:42 Whirring locusts ¹²⁰  will take over every tree and all the produce of your soil.

Ulangan 28:45

28:45 All these curses will fall on you, pursuing and overtaking you until you are destroyed, because you would not obey the Lord your God by keeping his commandments and statutes that he has given ¹²¹  you.

Ulangan 28:48

28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty ¹²²  you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They ¹²³  will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you.

Ulangan 28:51

28:51 They ¹²⁴  will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds, ¹²⁵  or lambs of your flocks ¹²⁶  until they have destroyed you.

Ulangan 28:61

28:61 Moreover, the Lord will bring upon you every kind of sickness and plague not mentioned in this scroll of commandments, ¹²⁷  until you have perished.

Ulangan 28:63

28:63 This is what will happen: Just as the Lord delighted to do good for you and make you numerous, he ¹²⁸  will take delight in destroying and decimating you. You will be uprooted from the land you are about to possess.

Ulangan 29:7

29:7 When you came to this place King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan came out to make war and we defeated them.

Ulangan 29:19-20

29:19 When such a person ¹²⁹  hears the words of this oath he secretly ¹³⁰  blesses himself ¹³¹  and says, “I will have peace though I continue to walk with a stubborn spirit.” ¹³²  This will destroy ¹³³  the watered ground with the parched. ¹³⁴  29:20 The Lord will be unwilling to forgive him, and his intense anger ¹³⁵  will rage ¹³⁶  against that man; all the curses ¹³⁷  written in this scroll will fall upon him ¹³⁸  and the Lord will obliterate his name from memory. ¹³⁹ 

Ulangan 29:23

29:23 The whole land will be covered with brimstone, salt, and burning debris; it will not be planted nor will it sprout or produce grass. It will resemble the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the Lord destroyed in his intense anger. ¹⁴⁰ 

Ulangan 30:18

30:18 I declare to you this very day that you will certainly ¹⁴¹  perish! You will not extend your time in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess. ¹⁴² 

Ulangan 31:3-4

31:3 As for the Lord your God, he is about to cross over before you; he will destroy these nations before you and dispossess them. As for Joshua, he is about to cross before you just as the Lord has said. 31:4 The Lord will do to them just what he did to Sihon and Og, the Amorite kings, and to their land, which he destroyed.

Ulangan 31:17

31:17 At that time ¹⁴³  my anger will erupt against them ¹⁴⁴  and I will abandon them and hide my face from them until they are devoured. Many disasters and distresses will overcome ¹⁴⁵  them ¹⁴⁶  so that they ¹⁴⁷  will say at that time, ‘Have not these disasters ¹⁴⁸  overcome us ¹⁴⁹  because our ¹⁵⁰  God is not among us ¹⁵¹ ?’

Ulangan 32:24-25

32:24 They will be starved by famine,

eaten by plague, and bitterly stung; ¹⁵² 

I will send the teeth of wild animals against them,

along with the poison of creatures that crawl in the dust.

32:25 The sword will make people childless outside,

and terror will do so inside;

they will destroy ¹⁵³  both the young man and the virgin,

the infant and the gray-haired man.

Ulangan 32:27

32:27 But I fear the reaction ¹⁵⁴  of their enemies,

for ¹⁵⁵  their adversaries would misunderstand

and say, “Our power is great, ¹⁵⁶ 

and the Lord has not done all this!”’

Ulangan 32:35

32:35 I will get revenge and pay them back

at the time their foot slips;

for the day of their disaster is near,

and the impending judgment ¹⁵⁷  is rushing upon them!”

Ulangan 33:6

Blessing on Reuben

33:6 May Reuben live and not die,

and may his people multiply. ¹⁵⁸ 

Ulangan 33:11

33:11 Bless, O Lord, his goods,

and be pleased with his efforts;

undercut the legs ¹⁵⁹  of any who attack him,

and of those who hate him, so that they cannot stand.

Ulangan 33:27

33:27 The everlasting God is a refuge,

and underneath you are his eternal arms; ¹⁶⁰ 

he has driven out enemies before you,

and has said, “Destroy!”

[1:27]  ¹ tn Heb “in your tents,” that is, privately.

[1:44]  ² tn Heb “in that hill country,” repeating the end of v. 43.

[1:44]  ³ tn Heb “came out to meet.”

[1:44]  ⁴ sn Hormah is probably Khirbet el-Meshash, 5.5 mi (9 km) west of Arad and 7.5 mi (12 km) SE of Beer Sheba. Its name is a derivative of the verb חָרָם (kharam, “to ban; to exterminate”). See Num 21:3.

[2:12]  ⁵ sn Horites. Most likely these are the same as the well-known people of ancient Near Eastern texts described as Hurrians. They were geographically widespread and probably non-Semitic. Genesis speaks of them as the indigenous peoples of Edom that Esau expelled (Gen 36:8-19, 31-43) and also as among those who confronted the kings of the east (Gen 14:6).

[2:12]  ⁶ tn Most modern English versions, beginning with the ASV (1901), regard vv. 10-12 as parenthetical to the narrative.

[2:15]  ⁷ tn Heb “from the middle of.” Although many recent English versions leave this expression untranslated, the point seems to be that these soldiers did not die in battle but “within the camp.”

[2:16]  ⁸ tn Heb “and it was when they were eliminated, all the men of war, to die from the midst of the people.”

[2:21]  ⁹ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the Rephaites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[2:21]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the Ammonites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[2:23]  ¹¹ sn Avvites. Otherwise unknown, these people were probably also Anakite (or Rephaite) giants who lived in the lower Mediterranean coastal plain until they were expelled by the Caphtorites.

[2:23]  ¹² sn Caphtorites. These peoples are familiar from both the OT (Gen 10:14; 1 Chr 1:12; Jer 47:4; Amos 9:7) and ancient Near Eastern texts (Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2:37-38; ANET 138). They originated in Crete (OT “Caphtor”) and are identified as the ancestors of the Philistines (Gen 10:14; Jer 47:4).

[2:23]  ¹³ tn Heb “Caphtor”; the modern name of the island of Crete is used in the translation for clarity (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT).

[2:30]  ¹⁴ tc The translation follows the LXX in reading the first person pronoun. The MT, followed by many English versions, has a second person masculine singular pronoun, “your.”

[2:30]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “hardened his spirit” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “made his spirit stubborn.”

[2:30]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “made his heart obstinate” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “made his heart defiant.”

[2:30]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “into your hand.”

[2:34]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “every city of men.” This apparently identifies the cities as inhabited.

[2:34]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “under the ban” (נַחֲרֵם, nakharem). The verb employed is חָרַם (kharam, usually in the Hiphil) and the associated noun is חֵרֶם (kherem). See J. Naudé, NIDOTTE, 2:276-77, and, for a more thorough discussion, Susan Niditch, War in the Hebrew Bible, 28-77.

[2:34]  sn Divine judgment refers to God’s designation of certain persons, places, and things as objects of his special wrath and judgment because, in his omniscience, he knows them to be impure and hopelessly unrepentant.

[3:6]  ²⁰ tn Heb “we put them under the ban” (נַחֲרֵם, nakharem). See note at 2:34.

[3:6]  sn The divine curse. See note on this phrase in Deut 2:34.

[3:6]  ²¹ tn Heb “city of men.”

[4:3]  ²² tc The LXX and Syriac read “to Baal Peor,” that is, the god worshiped at that place; see note on the name “Beth Peor” in Deut 3:29.

[4:3]  ²³ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[4:3]  ²⁴ tn Or “followed the Baal of Peor” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV), referring to the pagan god Baal.

[4:16]  ²⁵ tn The words “I say this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text v. 16 is subordinated to “Be careful” in v. 15, but this makes for an unduly long sentence in English.

[4:24]  ²⁶ tn The juxtaposition of the Hebrew terms אֵשׁ (’esh, “fire”) and קַנָּא (qanna’, “jealous”) is interesting in light of Deut 6:15 where the Lord is seen as a jealous God whose anger bursts into a destructive fire. For God to be “jealous” means that his holiness and uniqueness cannot tolerate pretended or imaginary rivals. It is not petty envy but response to an act of insubordination that must be severely judged (see H. Peels, NIDOTTE 3:937-40).

[4:25]  ²⁷ tn Heb “have grown old in the land,” i.e., been there for a long time.

[4:25]  ²⁸ tn Heb “a form of anything.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, TEV “an idol.”

[4:25]  ²⁹ tn The infinitive construct is understood here as indicating the result, not the intention, of their actions.

[4:26]  ³⁰ sn I invoke heaven and earth as witnesses against you. This stock formula introduces what is known form-critically as a רִיב (riv) or controversy pattern. It is commonly used in the ancient Near Eastern world in legal contexts and in the OT as a forensic or judicial device to draw attention to Israel’s violation of the Lord’s covenant with them (see Deut 30:19; Isa 1:2; 3:13; Jer 2:9). Since court proceedings required the testimony of witnesses, the Lord here summons heaven and earth (that is, all creation) to testify to his faithfulness, Israel’s disobedience, and the threat of judgment.

[4:26]  ³¹ tn Or “be destroyed”; KJV “utterly perish”; NLT “will quickly disappear”; CEV “you won’t have long to live.”

[4:26]  ³² tn Or “be completely” (so NCV, TEV). It is not certain here if the infinitive absolute indicates the certainty of the following action (cf. NIV) or its degree.

[4:31]  ³³ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 4:3.

[4:31]  ³⁴ tn Heb “he will not drop you,” i.e., “will not abandon you” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[4:31]  ³⁵ tn Or “will not.” The translation understands the imperfect verbal form to have an added nuance of capability here.

[4:44]  ³⁶ tn Heb “the sons of Israel” (likewise in the following verse).

[6:15]  ³⁷ tn Heb “lest the anger of the Lord your God be kindled against you and destroy you from upon the surface of the ground.” Cf. KJV, ASV “from off the face of the earth.”

[7:1]  ³⁸ sn Hittites. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 b.c.) they were at their zenith, establishing outposts and colonies near and far. Some elements were obviously in Canaan at the time of the Conquest (1400-1350 b.c.).

[7:1]  ³⁹ sn Girgashites. These cannot be ethnically identified and are unknown outside the OT. They usually appear in such lists only when the intention is to have seven groups in all (see also the note on the word “seven” later in this verse).

[7:1]  ⁴⁰ sn Amorites. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200 b.c. or thereabouts.

[7:1]  ⁴¹ sn Canaanites. These were the indigenous peoples of the land, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000 b.c.). The OT identifies them as descendants of Ham (Gen 10:6), the only Hamites to have settled north and east of Egypt.

[7:1]  ⁴² sn Perizzites. This is probably a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).

[7:1]  ⁴³ sn Hivites. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on the term “Horites” in Deut 2:12).

[7:1]  ⁴⁴ sn Jebusites. These inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).

[7:1]  ⁴⁵ sn Seven. This is an ideal number in the OT, one symbolizing fullness or completeness. Therefore, the intent of the text here is not to be precise and list all of Israel’s enemies but simply to state that Israel will have a full complement of foes to deal with. For other lists of Canaanites, some with fewer than seven peoples, see Exod 3:8; 13:5; 23:23, 28; 33:2; 34:11; Deut 20:17; Josh 3:10; 9:1; 24:11. Moreover, the “Table of Nations” (Gen 10:15-19) suggests that all of these (possibly excepting the Perizzites) were offspring of Canaan and therefore Canaanites.

[7:2]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[7:2]  ⁴⁷ tn In the Hebrew text the infinitive absolute before the finite verb emphasizes the statement. The imperfect has an obligatory nuance here. Cf. ASV “shalt (must NRSV) utterly destroy them”; CEV “must destroy them without mercy.”

[7:2]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “covenant” (so NASB, NRSV); TEV “alliance.”

[7:10]  ⁴⁹ tn For the term “hate” as synonymous with rejection or disobedience see note on the word “reject” in Deut 5:9 (cf. NRSV “reject”).

[7:10]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “he will not hesitate concerning.”

[7:16]  ⁵¹ tn Heb “devour” (so NRSV); KJV, NAB, NASB “consume.” The verbal form (a perfect with vav consecutive) is understood here as having an imperatival or obligatory nuance (cf. the instructions and commands that follow). Another option is to take the statement as a continuation of the preceding conditional promises and translate “and you will destroy.”

[7:16]  ⁵² tn Or “serve” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV).

[7:20]  ⁵³ tn The meaning of the term translated “hornets” (צִרְעָה, tsir’ah) is debated. Various suggestions are “discouragement” (HALOT 1056-57 s.v.; cf. NEB, TEV, CEV “panic”; NCV “terror”) and “leprosy” (J. H. Tigay, Deuteronomy [JPSTC], 360, n. 33; cf. NRSV “the pestilence”), as well as “hornet” (BDB 864 s.v.; cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NLT). The latter seems most suitable to the verb שָׁלַח (shalakh, “send”; cf. Exod 23:28; Josh 24:12).

[7:20]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “the remnant and those who hide themselves.”

[7:22]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” See note on “he” in 7:19.

[7:23]  ⁵⁶ tn Heb “he will confuse them (with) great confusion.” The verb used here means “shake, stir up” (see Ruth 1:19; 1 Sam 4:5; 1 Kgs 1:45; Ps 55:2); the accompanying cognate noun refers to confusion, unrest, havoc, or panic (1 Sam 5:9, 11; 14:20; 2 Chr 15:5; Prov 15:16; Isa 22:5; Ezek 7:7; 22:5; Amos 3:9; Zech 14:13).

[7:24]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “you will destroy their name from under heaven” (cf. KJV); NRSV “blot out their name from under heaven.”

[7:26]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “come under the ban” (so NASB); NRSV “be set apart for destruction.” The same phrase occurs again at the end of this verse.

[7:26]  sn The Hebrew word translated an object of divine wrath (חֵרֶם, kherem) refers to persons or things placed under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction. See note on the phrase “divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.

[7:26]  ⁵⁹ tn Or “like it is.”

[7:26]  ⁶⁰ tn This Hebrew verb (שָׁקַץ, shaqats) is essentially synonymous with the next verb (תָעַב, ta’av; cf. תּוֹעֵבָה, to’evah; see note on the word “abhorrent” in v. 25), though its field of meaning is more limited to cultic abomination (cf. Lev 11:11, 13; Ps 22:25).

[7:26]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “detesting you must detest and abhorring you must abhor.” Both verbs are preceded by a cognate infinitive absolute indicating emphasis.

[8:19]  ⁶² tn Heb “if forgetting, you forget.” The infinitive absolute is used for emphasis; the translation indicates this with the words “at all” (cf. KJV).

[8:20]  ⁶³ tn Heb “so you will perish.”

[8:20]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “listen to the voice of the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[9:3]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “the Lord.” The pronoun has been used in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style to avoid redundancy.

[9:13]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “stiff-necked.” See note on the word “stubborn” in 9:6.

[9:14]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “leave me alone.”

[9:14]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “from under heaven.”

[9:19]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” Although many English versions translate as two terms, this construction is a hendiadys which serves to intensify the emotion (cf. NAB, TEV “fierce anger”).

[9:19]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

[9:20]  ⁷¹ tn Heb “Aaron.” The pronoun is used in the translation to avoid redundancy.

[9:25]  ⁷² tn The Hebrew text includes “when I prostrated myself.” Since this is redundant, it has been left untranslated.

[9:25]  ⁷³ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

[9:26]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 9:3.

[9:26]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “Lord Lord” (אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, ’adonay yÿhvih). The phrase is customarily rendered by Jewish tradition as “Lord God” (אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהִים, ’adonay ’elohim). See also the note on the phrase “Lord God” in Deut 3:24.

[9:26]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “your inheritance”; NLT “your special (very own NRSV) possession.” Israel is compared to landed property that one would inherit from his ancestors and pass on to his descendants.

[9:26]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “you have redeemed in your greatness.”

[9:26]  ⁷⁸ tn Heb “by your strong hand.”

[9:28]  ⁷⁹ tc The MT reads only “the land.” Smr supplies עַם (’am, “people”) and LXX and its dependents supply “the inhabitants of the land.” The truncated form found in the MT is adequate to communicate the intended meaning; the words “the people of” are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[9:28]  ⁸⁰ tn Or “wilderness” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV, NLT).

[11:4]  ⁸¹ tn Heb “Reed Sea.” “Reed Sea” (or “Sea of Reeds”) is a more accurate rendering of the Hebrew expression יָם סוּף (yam suf), traditionally translated “Red Sea.” See note on the term “Red Sea” in Exod 13:18.

[11:4]  ⁸² tn Heb “the Lord.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[11:4]  ⁸³ tn Heb “and the Lord destroyed them to this day” (cf. NRSV); NLT “he has kept them devastated to this very day.” The translation uses the verb “annihilated” to indicate the permanency of the action.

[11:17]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “will become hot”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “will be kindled”; NAB “will flare up”; NIV, NLT “will burn.”

[11:17]  ⁸⁵ tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.

[11:17]  ⁸⁶ tn Or “be destroyed”; NAB, NIV “will soon perish.”

[11:17]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 11:4.

[12:2]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “destroying you must destroy”; KJV “Ye shall utterly (surely ASV) destroy”; NRSV “must demolish completely.” The Hebrew infinitive absolute precedes the verb for emphasis, which is reflected in the translation by the words “by all means.”

[12:2]  ⁸⁹ sn Every leafy tree. This expression refers to evergreens which, because they keep their foliage throughout the year, provided apt symbolism for nature cults such as those practiced in Canaan. The deity particularly in view is Asherah, wife of the great god El, who was considered the goddess of fertility and whose worship frequently took place at shrines near or among clusters (groves) of such trees (see also Deut 7:5). See J. Hadley, NIDOTTE 1:569-70; J. DeMoor, TDOT 1:438-44.

[12:29]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “dwell in their land” (so NASB). In the Hebrew text vv. 29-30 are one long sentence. For stylistic reasons the translation divides it into two.

[13:15]  ⁹¹ tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “by all means.” Cf. KJV, NASB “surely”; NIV “certainly.”

[13:15]  ⁹² tn Or “put under divine judgment. The Hebrew word (חֵרֶם, kherem) refers to placing persons or things under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction.Though primarily applied against the heathen, this severe judgment could also fall upon unrepentant Israelites (cf. the story of Achan in Josh 7). See also the note on the phrase “divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.

[13:17]  ⁹³ tn Or “anything that has been put under the divine curse”; Heb “anything of the ban” (cf. NASB). See note on the phrase “divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.

[19:1]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “the Lord your God.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[20:17]  ⁹⁵ tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation seeks to reflect with “utterly.” Cf. CEV “completely wipe out.”

[20:17]  sn The Hebrew verb refers to placing persons or things so evil and/or impure as to be irredeemable under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction. See also the note on the phrase “the divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.

[20:17]  ⁹⁶ sn Hittite. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 b.c.) they were at their zenith, establishing outposts and colonies near and far. Some elements were obviously in Canaan at the time of the Conquest (1400-1350 b.c.).

[20:17]  ⁹⁷ sn Amorite. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200 b.c. or thereabouts.

[20:17]  ⁹⁸ sn Canaanite. These were the indigenous peoples of the land of Palestine, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000 b.c.). The OT identifies them as descendants of Ham (Gen 10:6), the only Hamites to have settled north and east of Egypt.

[20:17]  ⁹⁹ sn Perizzite. This probably refers to a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).

[20:17]  ¹⁰⁰ sn Hivite. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on “Horites” in Deut 2:12).

[20:17]  ¹⁰¹ tc The LXX adds “Girgashites” here at the end of the list in order to list the full (and usual) complement of seven (see note on “seven” in Deut 7:1).

[20:17]  sn Jebusite. These people inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).

[20:19]  ¹⁰² tn Heb “to fight against it to capture it.”

[20:19]  ¹⁰³ tn Heb “you must not destroy its trees by chopping them with an iron” (i.e., an ax).

[20:19]  ¹⁰⁴ tn Heb “you may eat from them.” The direct object is not expressed; the word “fruit” is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[20:19]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Heb “to go before you in siege.”

[20:20]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “however, a tree which you know is not a tree for food you may destroy and cut down.”

[20:20]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “[an] enclosure.” The term מָצוֹר (matsor) may refer to encircling ditches or to surrounding stagings. See R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 238.

[25:18]  ¹⁰⁸ sn See Exod 17:8-16.

[26:5]  ¹⁰⁹ tn Though the Hebrew term אָבַד (’avad) generally means “to perish” or the like (HALOT 2-3 s.v.; BDB 1-2 s.v.; cf. KJV “a Syrian ready to perish”), a meaning “to go astray” or “to be lost” is also attested. The ambivalence in the Hebrew text is reflected in the versions where LXX Vaticanus reads ἀπέβαλεν (apebalen, “lose”) for a possibly metathesized reading found in Alexandrinus, Ambrosianus, ἀπέλαβεν (apelaben, “receive”); others attest κατέλειπεν (kateleipen, “leave, abandon”). “Wandering” seems to suit best the contrast with the sedentary life Israel would enjoy in Canaan (v. 9) and is the meaning followed by many English versions.

[26:5]  ¹¹⁰ sn A wandering Aramean. This is a reference to Jacob whose mother Rebekah was an Aramean (Gen 24:10; 25:20, 26) and who himself lived in Aram for at least twenty years (Gen 31:41-42).

[26:5]  ¹¹¹ tn Heb “father.”

[26:5]  ¹¹² tn Heb “sojourned there few in number.” The words “with a household” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarity.

[28:20]  ¹¹³ tn Heb “the curse, the confusion, and the rebuke” (NASB and NIV similar); NRSV “disaster, panic, and frustration.”

[28:20]  ¹¹⁴ tn Heb “in all the stretching out of your hand.”

[28:20]  ¹¹⁵ tc For the MT first person common singular suffix (“me”), the LXX reads either “Lord” (Lucian) or third person masculine singular suffix (“him”; various codices). The MT’s more difficult reading probably represents the original text.

[28:20]  tn Heb “the evil of your doings wherein you have forsaken me”; CEV “all because you rejected the Lord.”

[28:22]  ¹¹⁶ tn Heb “The Lord.” See note on “he” in 28:8.

[28:22]  ¹¹⁷ tn Or perhaps “consumption” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). The term is from a verbal root that indicates a weakening of one’s physical strength (cf. NAB “wasting”; NIV, NLT “wasting disease”).

[28:22]  ¹¹⁸ tn Heb “hot fever”; NIV “scorching heat.”

[28:22]  ¹¹⁹ tn Or “drought” (so NIV, NRSV, NLT).

[28:42]  ¹²⁰ tn The Hebrew term denotes some sort of buzzing or whirring insect; some have understood this to be a type of locust (KJV, NIV, CEV), but other insects have also been suggested: “buzzing insects” (NAB); “the cricket” (NASB); “the cicada” (NRSV).

[28:45]  ¹²¹ tn Heb “commanded”; NAB, NIV, TEV “he gave you.”

[28:48]  ¹²² tn Heb “lack of everything.”

[28:48]  ¹²³ tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the Lord (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV).

[28:51]  ¹²⁴ tn Heb “it” (so NRSV), a collective singular referring to the invading nation (several times in this verse and v. 52).

[28:51]  ¹²⁵ tn Heb “increase of herds.”

[28:51]  ¹²⁶ tn Heb “growth of flocks.”

[28:61]  ¹²⁷ tn The Hebrew term תּוֹרָה (torah) can refer either (1) to the whole Pentateuch or, more likely, (2) to the book of Deuteronomy or even (3) only to this curse section of the covenant text. “Scroll” better reflects the actual document, since “book” conveys the notion of a bound book with pages to the modern English reader. Cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV “the book of this law”; NIV, NLT “this Book of the Law”; TEV “this book of God’s laws and teachings.”

[28:63]  ¹²⁸ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 28:8.

[29:19]  ¹²⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the subject of the warning in v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[29:19]  ¹³⁰ tn Heb “in his heart.”

[29:19]  ¹³¹ tn Or “invokes a blessing on himself.” A formalized word of blessing is in view, the content of which appears later in the verse.

[29:19]  ¹³² tn Heb “heart.”

[29:19]  ¹³³ tn Heb “thus destroying.” For stylistic reasons the translation begins a new sentence here.

[29:19]  ¹³⁴ tn Heb “the watered with the parched.” The word “ground” is implied. The exact meaning of the phrase is uncertain although it appears to be figurative. This appears to be a proverbial observation employing a figure of speech (a merism) suggesting totality. That is, the Israelite who violates the letter and even spirit of the covenant will harm not only himself but everything he touches – “the watered and the parched.” Cf. CEV “you will cause the rest of Israel to be punished along with you.”

[29:20]  ¹³⁵ tn Heb “the wrath of the Lord and his zeal.” The expression is a hendiadys, a figure in which the second noun becomes adjectival to the first.

[29:20]  ¹³⁶ tn Heb “smoke,” or “smolder.”

[29:20]  ¹³⁷ tn Heb “the entire oath.”

[29:20]  ¹³⁸ tn Or “will lie in wait against him.”

[29:20]  ¹³⁹ tn Heb “blot out his name from under the sky.”

[29:23]  ¹⁴⁰ tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.

[30:18]  ¹⁴¹ tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with “certainly.”

[30:18]  ¹⁴² tn Heb “to go there to possess it.”

[31:17]  ¹⁴³ tn Heb “on that day.” This same expression also appears later in the verse and in v. 18.

[31:17]  ¹⁴⁴ tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.

[31:17]  ¹⁴⁵ tn Heb “find,” “encounter.”

[31:17]  ¹⁴⁶ tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.

[31:17]  ¹⁴⁷ tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.

[31:17]  ¹⁴⁸ tn Heb “evils.”

[31:17]  ¹⁴⁹ tn Heb “me.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “us,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style.

[31:17]  ¹⁵⁰ tn Heb “my.”

[31:17]  ¹⁵¹ tn Heb “me.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “us,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style.

[32:24]  ¹⁵² tn The Hebrew term קֶטֶב (qetev) is probably metaphorical here for the sting of a disease (HALOT 1091-92 s.v.).

[32:25]  ¹⁵³ tn A verb is omitted here in the Hebrew text; for purposes of English style one suitable to the context is supplied.

[32:27]  ¹⁵⁴ tn Heb “anger.”

[32:27]  ¹⁵⁵ tn Heb “lest.”

[32:27]  ¹⁵⁶ tn Heb “Our hand is high.” Cf. NAB “Our own hand won the victory.”

[32:35]  ¹⁵⁷ tn Heb “prepared things,” “impending things.” See BDB 800 s.v. עָתִיד.

[33:6]  ¹⁵⁸ tn Heb “and [not] may his men be few” (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV).

[33:11]  ¹⁵⁹ tn Heb “smash the sinews [or “loins,” so many English versions].” This part of the body was considered to be center of one’s strength (cf. Job 40:16; Ps 69:24; Prov 31:17; Nah 2:2, 11). See J. H. Tigay, Deuteronomy (JPSTC), 325.

[33:27]  ¹⁶⁰ tn Heb “and from under, arms of perpetuity.” The words “you” and “his” are supplied in the translation for clarification. Some have perceived this line to be problematic and have offered alternative translations that differ significantly from the present translation: “He spread out the primeval tent; he extended the ancient canopy” (NAB); “He subdues the ancient gods, shatters the forces of old” (NRSV). These are based on alternate meanings or conjectural emendations rather than textual variants in the mss and versions.